Confused about TV tech? That’s just what they want! (AV 2024 critical update)

LCD, LED, QD, Mini-LED, Micro-LED, OLED, QD OLED, 4K, 8K, Laser… Confused about TV tech? Well, there are so many made-up terms and so much marketing hype to delight and confuse you that you can end up buying the wrong TV. We explain the differences and help you decide what is best for your needs. First, we need to define some terms.

Mainstream tier-one brands (% global market share)

  • LG (About 7.4% in a mix of OLED, NanoCell Quantum Dot, QNED QD/mini-LED/LCD made in South Korea and China)
  • Samsung (about 12.8% of the global market share in mini-LED/LCD, Quantum Dot, LED/LCD made in South Korea and China) and now QD OLED.
  • Sony (about 4% in LED/LCD and OLED [LG OLED and Samsung) is made in Malaysia.
  • Hisense has about 7.7% (mainly VIDAA OS and LED/LCD but increasing mini-LED)
  • TCL has about 11.7% and is growing faster than all other tier-one brands (mainly Google TV and LED/LCD but increasing mini-LED)

Most people buy these brands on reputation and are willing to pay a premium for that. But Samsung, LG and Sony only have a one-year warranty versus Hisense and TCL’s 3-years. We think that relying on Australian Consumer Law (See Why Australian Consumer Law warranties are vital for tech) for remedies after that devalues the brand’s value. And while you are at it, check if the warranty is on-site (it is hard to take a big TV back to the Retailer) or have any obvious exclusions. You should reasonably expect 5-10 years from these.

Believe it or not all tier-one use similar technologies, and there is not a lot between comparative models.

Generics sold in Australia – highly substitutable

Brands like Philips, Toshiba, FFalcon, Lindsar, Bauhn, Soniq, ChiQ, Eko, and Blaupunkt now have no relation to their owners—they are just brands made in a handful of Chinese OEM factories using similar components but different external branding.

There is little between them. Here, warranties vary – some offer one to three years, but these TVs are made to a price and generally last 3-to 5 years maximum.

Akai (TPV Technology)Bauhn (TPV Technology)Blaupunkt (Ayonz ODM China)
Changhong Chiq (Sichuan Changhong Electric  China)Eko (Ayonz ODM China)FFalcon (TCL)
Hitachi
(TPV Technology ODM China)
House brands (like Kogan and Medion – ODM China)Jaeger
(Ayonz ODM China)
JVC
(AmTRAN ODM China)
Linden
(MEW Australia ODM China)
Palsonic
(NG Enterprises OEM China)
Panasonic
(no longer sold in Australia)
Polaroid
(TPV Technology)
Seki
(Ayonz ODM China)
Sharp (Foxconn and made in China)Soniq
(Quatius China)
TEAC
(TT China)
Toshiba
(Hisense made in China)
Vivo or Viano
(Vivo made in China)
 

Premium brands – don’t ask the price

  • Grundig (Arçelik A.Ş. Turkey TVs made in China)
  • Loewe (German assembly with LG panels)
  • B&O (made by LG in China, sound by B&O)

Our advice here is not to be a brand snob – select the TV that suits your needs.

New buying criteria – TV operating system and upgrade policy

TV operating systems have never been a purchasing issue. You bought Samsung with Tizen, LG (WebOS), Sony (Google TV), TCL (Google TV) and Hisense (VIDAA), to name a few.

IDC has released the Top Five 2023 TV OS sales statistics, and there are a few surprises. Google TV (formerly Android TV) had the largest market share in 2023, and Google does not make a TV!

Smart TV OS2023 Market Share2023/2022 Growth Rate2027 Market Share
Google TV38.1%-4.6%39%
Samsung Tizen21.3%-5.2%23%
Roku OS*12.5%4.0%12%
Amazon FireOS*3.4%13.2%4%
Others24.6%-9.8%22%
Total100.0%-5.5%100%
* not sold in Australia in TV form.

Sony and TCL focus on Google TV, and hundreds of generic TV makers have made this the most popular system. Add to that long operating system updates and security patches provided by Google, and you can see why it is so popular. From a consumer viewpoint, its App library is several times larger than the rest.

LG WebOS has introduced a new OS upgrade policy of four on top of the launch OS and at least five years of updates. We will be updating this section as we confirm other brand policies. This is important as smart TVs are now home hubs and part of the home network and need protection against hackers.

Now, it is important to understand a few things.

  • This is about TV operating systems sold in 2023 – not brands.
  • There was a 5.5% global decline in TV sales.
  • Australia only has five tier-one brands – Samsung, LG, Sony, TCL, and Hisense (its VIDAA OS must be below Amazon Fire OS)

New research – why we buy smart TVs

There is little to no choice now—most TVs are smart TVs. The question is how many still use them as Free-to-Air (over a TV aerial). ACCAN says

  • 81% of Australians (90% of respondents over 50 and 46% of rural users) still use FTA (SDR content via a TV aerial) at least daily.
  • 72% use BVOD (SDR content via internet Broadcast video on demand—7Plus, 9Now, 10Play, ABC iView, SBS) daily, often because they don’t have an aerial and want access to the advertising-supported channels’ content. (76% 30-49).
  • 65% use SVOD (subscription video on demand, mostly SDR content but a larger catalogue of HDR 5.12 surround sound and Dolby Vision/Atmos. Market share – Netflix (26%), Amazon Prime (21%), Disney+ (16%), Paramount+ (8%), Binge (12%), Stan (13%), and all others 10-%. This category is highest in the 18-49 age group. Foxtel is an SVOD aggregator feeding traffic to Binge, Kayo and other SVOD suppliers.

Time was that you usually bought the brand you had used before. That is changing as the previous challenger brands Hisense and TCL turn out some spectacular TVs at better prices.

Consumer focus research in the US shows.

#1, We tend to be rusted onto a brand that we have had a good experience (cited by approximately 50% of users). Often, it is a belief without any basis other than familiarity. Samsung has this advantage, but there is less brand loyalty now.

#2, Screen size—bang for the buck—and this is where #1 brand becomes less important to perceived image quality. TCL and Hisense have this advantage. It is given that TVs are now 4K with no market drivers to 8K at all, cited by 40%.

#3, Energy efficiency rates in 25% of purchases. But it is more about seeing a TV with 5 stars than one with 1 star. The message has not sunk in that high-end Dolby Vision capable mini-LED and OLED cost more to run than generic standard dynamic range TVs.

#4, Dolby Vision/Atmos (DV/DA) capable. About 15-20% and growing now consider any TV without this is a deal breaker and rules out any Samsung product. But many generic Asian TVs claim DV/DA but only have <300 nits for SDR and 500 for HDR. You need at least 700 and preferably 1000+ nits peak HDR for DV/DA. In short, they may be able to decode DV/DA metadata, but it is severely downmixed to the panels’ and speakers’ capability.

#5. OLED fanatics (about 10-15%) will buy nothing else regardless of cost. LG has this market.

#6, Gaming cred (about 8-10%) is important. Gamers now know about VRR, ALLM, 4K@100Hz and gaming-optimised sets. LG features well in this market this market, especially its smaller 45-55” OLED.

What does not appear to be important but should be!

Warranty

Samsung and LG both offer a 12-month warranty. Perhaps this is because the Australian Consumer Law mandates that major manufacturer defects need to be covered longer—in our opinion, at least 5 years. TCL and Hisense offer 36-month ACL warranties, and that should be a purchasing driver. We think leaving the consumer to battle to get ACL coverage via their State Departments of Consumer Affairs is wrong.

Privacy

You have none. Samsung and LG now have 30,000 and 20,000 -word (approx.) privacy policies and terms of use with nested terms for using smart TV and smart home features. These are in addition to BVOD and SVOD policies and voice assistant policies (Alexa, Bixby, OK Google, Siri, etc.). We have started to list such policies in 2024 reviews.

  • Sony uses Google TV OS; you only need to sign in to Google. Can you trust Google? Yes. Google has one simple English privacy policy and separate terms that total about 6000 words for everything it does. Sony encourages you to sign in to Samba TV, which collects significant information, but it is not required to use the smart TV features.  
  • TCL uses Google TV OS and only requires Google Sign-in.
  • Hisense has a Privacy and Data Protection Policy totalling about 10,000 words. We have not analysed it yet.

Operating system updates and security patches

While it has become a major issue with smartphones, most smart TVs are ‘sell and forget’. As these are now part of a Wi-Fi or Ethernet home network, they need protection. LG recently introduced ReNew. You will get four new OS releases (e.g. WebOS 24 to WebOS 28) over the next five years and security patches as needed. This is an industry-leading policy. We are now asking manufacturers for their policies.

Lies, dammed lies, and marketing hype

All are guilty of either intentionally (or unintentionally) lying by omission. For example, Samsung promotes Dolby Atmos, and the consumer assumes it has Dolby Vision. Few manufacturers provide meaningful specifications like sustained SDR/HDR nits in a 2% and 100% window, type of backlight (if not disclosed, you can bet its edge-lit, LED), dimming zones, real power use, etc. In particular, many of the generic Asian TV websites are full of errors. We need an industry-standard specifications sheet. CyberShack spends considerable time testing to try and give consumers the information they need to decide.

Confused about TV tech?

Panel types

Type (% sales)

Regardless of all the marketing hype, there are only two TV technologies – so unless it says OLED, it uses older LCD technology.

  • LCD (74%)
  • OLED (26%) – this is a rapidly increasing segment as OLED panels from China reach similar technology levels to LG.

LCD TV panel variants

LCD means Liquid Crystal Display, using one of the back-light sources below. Essentially, the light shines through the LCD ‘gate’ that controls on (open) or off (closed) and then colour filters. LCD suffers from light bleed from adjacent gates (ghosting of light images). It can never achieve true black as OLED can, so it has a lower contrast ratio. VA panels have a higher native contrast (5000:1) but lower off-angle viewing. IPS panels have lower native contrast (1500:1) but are better for off-angle viewing.

LCD is cheap to make, but this old technology and being pushed to its limits with the new Mini-LED backlights.

LCD Backlight variants (in order of lowest to highest cost)

  • Edge-lit LED. Light comes from one or more edges and is transmitted via an optic backplane to cover the screen. It is the cheapest panel type and incapable of HDR (High Dynamic Range) colour gamut. These generally don’t have local dimming, so you see white ghosting around white text and light areas. Edge-lit panels are generally the thinnest as they don’t have a bulky backlight.
  • Direct LED. Same as above but with some dimming zones (<30).
  • Full-Array Local Dimming (FALD) – Back-lit with more LEDs and more granular control with 30-100 dimming zones to reduce ghosting. FALD is generally not able to do Dolby Vision.
  •  FALD Pro – as above but with dozens of LCD dimming zones to further reduce ghosting and can begin to display HDR and Dolby Vision content
  • Mini-LED – as per FALD but with thousands of mini-LEDs, usually with dozens to hundreds of dimming zones. Capable of greater brightness for HDR10+ or Dolby Vision.

WARNING. Not all mini-LEDs are created equal. In fact, one brand is now claiming mini-LED for its edge-lit models (which use mini-LED instead of regular LEDs that are 40 times larger). Some are not using dimming zomes, whereas others have hundreds or more. It will be a highly abused marketing term in 2023—like Dolby Vision and Atmos is now.

Update: Mini-LED – the best LCD but has inherent limitations

We have reviewed many 2023 and 2024 mini-LEDs; without exception, the out-of-the-box calibration has not been ideal. Let me explain because there is a conundrum.

Do you want natural colours as the filmmaker intended or bright, over-saturated colours that bear a passing resemblance to reality?

Without getting too technical, you need to calibrate for a good balance between brightness, contrast, and colour accuracy. The problem with Mini-LED is you can get perhaps two out of three right. For example, the Cinema and Filmmakers modes are more accurate for natural colour and contrast, but brightness suffers. Vivid and Standard modes are bright but bear little resemblance to accurate colour and contrast (black levels) suffer.

The answer is that Mini-LED/Quantum Dot colour is generally an abomination to videophiles (like me), but Joe and Jane Average love the bright, saturated colour.

Our advice: For general FTA TV and digital steaming, these are great. For movies and immersive viewing, they are sorely eclipsed by OLED.

QD LCD

Quantum Dot or QD (QLED [Samsung], NanoCell [LG], TriLuminous [Sony], Hisense [ULED] and TCL (QUHD) is a colour overlay for LED/LCD. It adds more colour gamut to LCD TVs via ‘excitable quantum dots’ and now accounts for nearly 35% of TVs sold here – mainly because Samsung doesn’t do OLED (it does do a Quantum Dot OLED)

QD is the best LCD colour tech available, but it is still not a competitor to OLED for image quality and 100% black (contrast).

OLED (ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) or, specifically WOLED

Simply put, each 4K/8K (8M/33M) pixel is self-emissive (light a light bulb) for extremely granular light control. LG uses WOLED-CF with four white OLED subpixels with colour filters on top (W+RBG).

OLED has superior images to LED, but it is not quite as bright, so it is best where ambient light can be controlled. However, LG’s new evo OLED panels, in its C4 and G4, are exceptionally bright.

If you want the best look at the LG Gen 9 evo OLED. Most Chinese OLED panels are catching up fast, so OLED quality can vary.

Samsung QD OLED

It uses a blue OLED backlight (self-emissive) for 100% dimming zones and pure blacks (off). It overlays a QD layer (instead of a colour filter layer) that is excited to produce red, green, blue and almost every colour or tone in between. So, it is an OLED backlight with QD colours. These panels are far more costly to make. But to be clear, LG OLED is true OLED, and QD OLED only uses an OLED backlight.

The QD OLED battle has just begun but it may have ended as Sony used a QD-OLED panel in 2023 and has replaced that with mini-LED for its premium 2024 Bravia 9.

Micro-LED

It is not yet a commercial technology, but millions of individually controllable RGB micro-LEDs produce the image without needing LCD gates. Damned expensive!

Laser

We won’t go into detail, but Laser TV projection is not for you unless you invest in a media room. At this stage, there are a few too many compromises for daily use. Remember, there are many different types of lasers.

Confused about TV tech? Stuff you may consider if you are not buying on price

SDR, HDR, HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision, Dolby Vision IQ and Dolby Atmos

Most free-to-air TV is Standard Dynamic Range (SDR), meaning even the lowest-cost TVs can display 16.7 million colours. It has <400 nits peak brightness and no processing to highlight dark areas and show detail in bright areas.

High Dynamic Range (HDR) content needs an encoded metadata stream encoded to use HDR or above.

Static HDR has 16.7 million colours and is the next level above SDR. It means the TV panel has sufficient brightness (400 nits peak) and contrast to show some highlights.

Dynamic HDR10 (HLG) has 1.07 billion colours and uses metadata at the beginning of a movie that tells the TV what to expect. Settings do not change during the movie. It needs at l; least 800 nits peak brightness.

HDR10+ has 1.07 billion colours and is Samsung’s proprietary tech. It uses dynamic metadata to adjust picture images on a frame-by-frame basis. HDR10+ Adaptive has an ambient light sensor to adjust to room lighting. Note that Samsung does not support Dolby Vision but downmixes it to the vastly inferior HDR10. it needs at least 1000 nits peak brightness.

Dolby Vision (DV) is capable of 12-bit 68.7 billion colours (not yet available in a TV, so it down-samples to 10-bit 1.07 billion colours). It implements its metadata on a scene-by-scene or frame-by-frame basis, and it needs at least 1000 nit peak brightness. The new DV IQ has an ambient light sensor and can adjust the brightness to room conditions.

IMAX Enhanced is just another HDR version and has DTS audio – it has minimal content.

Dolby Atmos (DA) sound comes with DV content, with multiple sound channels and 3D height channels. If a TV has a DA decoder, the sound metadata downmixes to the TV’s speakers (usually 2.0 or 3.0) or passes through to a DA decoder soundbar. See ‘Do I need a soundbar?’ later.

Colour space – Rec. 709, DCI-P3, and Rec 2020.

8-bit colour is 16.7 million colours and tones (most generic TVs). 10-bit colour is over 1.07 billion colours and tones (most HDR10+/Dolby Vision TVs).

DCI-P3 colour gamut is a standard developed by Hollywood movie producers. It uses about 45.5% of the available colour spectrum. The best OLED and QLED panels achieve about 95-99% of this and earn the Ultra HD Alliance (UHDA) Ultra HD Premium certification. OLED  wins because it has pure blacks and whites.

Low-cost TVs may quote 100% Rec.709, but that’s only 35.9% of what colours we can see. The new standard for 4K and 8K is Rec. 2020, and no TV has 100% coverage yet.

Go for as high a DCI-P3 percentage as you can get – ideally 95% or more.

Motion and blur rate

Motion blur is the softening of the image when an object, or the entire screen, is in motion, and it is often called the soap opera effect.

Most cheap panels are native 50/60Hz refresh (screen refreshes per second). It is the same as your electricity – Australia is 230V/50Hz, so the base is 50 (PAL), not 60Hz (NTSC)

Australian SDR TV transmits at 24/50Hz, and US TV is 30/60Hz. It doesn’t matter—manufacturers use the US terminology because it sounds higher.

TVs often quote ‘made-up’ rates – LG TruMotion, Samsung Motion Rate, Sony Motionflow etc.

Cheap TVs use black frame insertion (BFI) to call a 50/60Hz panel 100/120, and some use two/three BFIs and claim 200/240. Not good – turn it off except where the content can accommodate it.

Better TVs start with a more expensive 100/120Hz panel and use a mix of BFI and frame interpolation (AI) to estimate the frame insertion content using the last frame and the next. These are wrongly called 200/240.

Gaming

Gaming, especially Play Station 5 and Xbox X, needs HDMI 2.1, 48Gbps ports that support eARC (and the older ARC), 4K@120Hz, Dolby Vision/Atmos, VRR (Variable refresh rate), ALLM (Auto Low Latency Mode), HGiG (HDR Gaming Interest Group), and Free/G-Sync.

These TVs will also have a dedicated Game Console Mode. LG and Samsung have at least two HDMI 2.1 ports.

ART Gallery or other content

Samsung’s The Frame (Edge-lit QLED/LCD) can display art from various art galleries for a monthly subscription cost, and LG also offers a similar service. Most can use your photos and images for free as a screen saver, and some have a clock and weather. Unless you need this feature, you can do better with other TVs.

8K – is it ready?

No. There is minimal native 8K content, so 99.99% of what you watch will be upscaled from 480, 720, 1080, 4K to 8K. The 8K TVs we have seen so far seem to do a good job with 1K and 4K, but Free-to-Air HD SDR TV is patchy. For now, 4K is fine, and your next TV will be 8K (when it is the same price).

Read Samsung QN900D Neo QLED 8K 2024 – bragging rights!

Streaming

You need an NBN speed plan to cater to your needs. But if you are using Wi-Fi to the TV, it may not steam well from the router. We recommend using a Wi-Fi 6E AXE tri-band full-duplex router or a full-duplex Ethernet cable to connect your smart TV to the router, as it gets preference over Wi-Fi connections.

  • 720p SD – 3Mbps (Megabits per second)
  • 1080p 1K – 5Mbps (NBN 20/5 plan)
  • 4K – 25Mbps (NBN 50/20 Plan at least)

Do you need Bluetooth, AV-In, Digital out, USB and more?

Assume most TVs have this, but they are not reasons to buy. Bluetooth is for a keyboard and mouse or headphones. USB usually has too low a voltage to power modern external SSD or Chromecast devices. Digital out is for a soundbar, but HDMI ARC/eARC is best.

Power use

  • Edge-lit TVs (5-6 star) will use about $150 of power per year.
  • OLED varies from 2-4 stars (depending on panel size) and costs $200-400 per year.
  • Mini-LED and QD OLED are likely to cost over $400 per year.

Confused about TV tech? What to buy?

The best TV is the one you can afford

The average TV sale is <$1000. When a TV can cost $500 to $10,000 (or more), most buy the largest screen cheap TV and forget about the nuances.

If all you have is $500, the decision is solely about screen size. Look for Google (Android TV operating system), as it has the largest number of streaming apps. Why? Because most generics come from a handful of Chinese factories, all using the same panels and tech. It is just the operating system, brand sticker, and packaging that changes.

If you have $700 ditto on Android TV, you will find brands like TCL and Hisense (VIDAA) with entry-level offerings.

If you have $1000-1500, you will start to see TCL (Google TV), Hisense (VIDAA TV) and entry-level models of Sony (Google TV), Samsung (Tizen) and LG (WebOS 24). Ensure the streaming services you want are there – many TV operating systems don’t have Kayo, Binge, etc.

If you have more budget, you can shop for features like HDR/Dolby Vision and more.

All lower-cost TVs use Edge-lit, LED/LCD and do not support Dolby Vision/Atmos content. They all use very similar components, so look for Android TV OS and the best warranty. Never buy so-called extended shop warranties – Australian Consumer Law covers your rights. TV life – expect two to five years as low-cost electronics have a use-by date.

What size

Size (% of brands/models driven by consumer demand)

  • <48” – 5%
  • 48-50” – 15%
  • 55-60” – 18%
  • 65-70” – 38%
  • >75” – 34% and 75″ is the fastest-growing segment.

Larger LCD and OLED panels are getting cheaper to make, so prices are falling. You can also sit closer to a 4K (or even closer to an 8K) than the old 1080p, so bigger makes sense.

Let’s look at choices

Post-COVID saw a glut of 2022/2023 models sitting in retailers’ warehouses being cleared at almost any price to make way for 2024 models. It was a good time to buy. In 2024, we saw a very late (May/June) introduction of 2024 models.

There are two classes of smart TVs – those that do not support Dolby Vision and those that do. Samsung still does not support Dolby Vision on any of its range, and none rate our DV ‘Pick’. Our picks are based on 65″ and above.

Of the TVs reviewed this year (from lowest to highest cost)

Hisense gets an honourable mention and we hope to review two or three Hisense models soon.

Get the biggest screen your TV viewing area will take.

Once you have a 65” screen or larger, it is hard to go back to 50-55-60. OLED is best followed by QD Mini-LED, FALD, QD/LCD, Direct-Lit and Edge-Lit.

Do you need DV/DA?

The bulk of free-to-air TV and streaming will be SDR or HDR and in 2.0 or up to 5.1 sound. So HDR, yes. A DA soundbar will not create height channels, so a 3.1 to 5.1 surround soundbar is all you need.

If you want the best TV experience and have DV/DA content (pay extra for Netflix 4K or use 4K Blu-ray movies), then yes, it is nice to get a DV/DA TV. These have the best processors, backlights, upscaling, and power to make an average TV image sing even with SDR content.

Read Dolby Vision, HDR and SDR TV – a huge difference

Do you need a soundbar?

Yes, absolutely. TV sound is passable at best, but it generally has Left/Right 2.0 stereo speakers that lack the dynamic range to hear low/mid-bass and mid/high-treble.

Even a low-cost 2.1 (Left/right/subwoofer) will make a huge difference. You will feel the bass (not necessarily room-shaking) and have a low-treble range of up to 10khz, so you get sound directionality.

A 3.1 adds a clear dialogue centre channel for 1-4khz and is great for spoken word.

A 5.1 has left/centre/right sound and left/right angled speakers for surround.

Read How to buy a soundbar that meets your needs? and Five tips for better TV sound – Dolby Atmos for beginners for a full explanation.

Wall or bench mount

Most will bench mount at around 80cm off the ground. That means when you sit in a chair, the dead centre of the screen should be at eye height.

If you wall mount, be careful not to place it much higher because the more you view off-angle, the more colours are washed out. OLED is a lot more forgiving for off-angle viewing.

But there are traps to wall mounts. Unless the TV uses a standard VESA wall mount (200 x 200, 300 x 300, 400 x 300, 400 x 200, 400 x 400 or 600 x 400), you may be up for a costly TV maker’s mount. Look for the VESA mount size. and no TV over about 60kg can be wall mounted to plasterboard and timber stud walls. These need professional installation.

Also, you won’t want to have the antenna, power, HDMI, or other cables hanging down from the TV, so look for ways to disguise them. The easy and relatively low-cost answer is to get a plasterer to place a sheet of painted plasterboard on 50mm timber studs on the existing wall to create a false wall through which you can run all the cables.

Note that wall mounting can deaden the sound of some TVs, especially those with rear-firing speakers. You may need a soundbar.

Look for VESA mounting if you intend to wall mount.

Cybershack advice – Confused about TV tech?

You can go mad trying to compare TVs, so we do it for you.

  • Average – Edge-lit for every second TV
  • Good – FALD/Pro – and usually HDR10
  • Better – Quantum Dot and FALD/Pro and usually Dolby Vision and Atmos (for your primary TV)
  • Betterer – Quantum Dot and Mini-LED with Dolby Vision and Atmos (except Samsung)
  • Best – OLED with Dolby Vision and Atmos (if you have ambient light control)
  • Undecided – QD OLED – we are yet to see these and determine if they are better than the best OLED

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